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Manuel Leon Martinez remembered for his life’s work

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Note from the Publisher – Manuel Martinez was not only a community leader, attorney, advocate, and a great human being, but he will always be remembered for always ‘doing the right thing’. Manuel Martinez and wife Pat Cortez, a power couple have been here for the community for decades. Martinez stood up for those who could not voice their opinion and led many community efforts for the betterment of the city of Denver.  An educated, UCLA alumni, Martinez was a family man and an inspiration to many. We will miss his presence in the fight for justice and equality. Vaya con Dios Manuel Martinez.


Manuel Leon Martinez – February 21, 1951 — January 7, 2026

Manuel L. Martinez, a Denver attorney and civic leader who rose from public defender to the highest levels of city government and corporate law. He passed away peacefully on January 7, 2026. He was 74 years old. 

Manuel Leon Martinez was born February 21, 1951, in Price, Utah, to Clorinda and Manuel Martinez. He grew up in Pueblo, Colorado, and spent time working on his grandparents’ land in the San Luis Valley. He earned a bachelor’s degree in history from Colorado College in 1974. He was among the first Latinos to graduate from the institution. He received his law degree from University of California at Los Angeles in 1978. He remained a devoted fan of all things UCLA, but mostly football, throughout his life. 

Manuel was a radical and a fierce believer in justice and lifting up others and instilled these values in his children. During his time at Colorado College, he took a leave of absence to organize farmworkers alongside Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers. He began his legal career first as an attorney with Legal Aid in Pueblo, Colorado, and then as a public defender in Denver, grounded in a conviction that every person deserved to be fairly defended.

He rose to prominence in the 1980s as Denver’s first Latino Manager of Safety, a cabinet-level position overseeing the police, fire and sheriff departments. He also served as Director of Excise and Licenses, presiding over the licensing hearings that governed the city’s business landscape. After leaving Denver city government, Manuel became a partner at Holme Roberts & Owen and later Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner, where he built a practice in government relations, gaming, liquor licensing, and land use law. In 2013, the Colorado Hispanic Bar Association honored him with its Lifetime Achievement Award. 

Manuel served his community both locally and nationally as Senior Vice President of the Colorado Bar Association and for 13 years on the board of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF), the nation’s leading Latino civil rights organization. He also chaired the Denver Hispanic Chamber of Commerce during the mid-1990s, advocating for minority business as Denver International Airport opened. Additionally, he served on the national board of Volunteers of America and the boards of The Denver Foundation, Children’s Hospital Foundation, Special Olympics, and the Winter Park Recreation Association. In addition, Manuel was a patron of the Denver Art Museum. He also was named Colorado College Trustee Emeritus in 2025.

Manuel loved his family deeply and was proud of their accomplishments. He also loved chocolate, roller coasters, the beach, and the movies Top Gun and Legally Blonde, but one of his greatest pleasures was watching the movie Selina over and over most Saturday nights with his granddaughter Khya and a Jack Daniels in hand, while she sipped hot chocolate. He hated board games and the University of Southern California (USC). 

He is survived by his wife, Pat Cortez; his children Leticia Martinez (James Alexee), Manuel E. Martinez (Jessica Widder), Jovan Muniz (Britt Sanchez), and Devin Muniz (Lindsay); seven grandchildren, one great-grandchild; his brother Christopher Martinez (Stephanie); and his sisters Christine Resendez (Richard) and Marietta Ziobron (Keith), and many nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by his parents, Clorinda and Manuel, brother, Mark, and nephew, Christopher Martinez. 

In lieu of flowers, the family requests donations be made to The Denver Art Museum.

Rethinking the Civil Rights agenda

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David Conde, Senior Consultant for International Programs

Recently I had an opportunity to attend a Denver Nuggets game at Ball Arena. It was the night before Martin Luther King Day which was the theme of the half-time celebration. 

It was a moving event that celebrated a bigger than life figure that did so much for racial equality in America. More than that, King preached a non-violent approach to that goal, something that many youth of the time did not find appealing.

Yet, unlike many others in the Civil Rights Movement, his words and deeds became a pillar of hope and sustenance for millions of people seeking justice in this regard. His leadership also drove our political leaders, especially Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, to provide space in our national conversation for Black and other minorities to express their version of equality and opportunity derived from an even playing fields in our political and socio-economic life.

The Civil Rights agenda has taken the traditional American process of incremental change and has been largely successful in creating open dialogue and accommodation of ethnic and racial minority interests in national policy. In doing so however, the agenda has done its part to divide America.

Some days ago, I watched a program where an Asian commentator argued that Asian, African American and Latinos among others had the demographic substance to take over as a new majority if they only came together. The minority-majority concept has been around for a while and has been an increasing threat for those who believe that the country was founded by and for European-based leadership.

More than that, there is a major effort by the Trump administration to yank millions of mostly Brown immigrants off the streets of the nation and deport them for the sake of reducing the numbers of Latinos in the present and their children in the future. 

Although the “horse is out of the barn” in that regard, it nevertheless is popular with those who see America First as having no room for Latinos at the top.

While civil rights tied to our evolving demographic reality is creating division in America, it can be classified in the words of former Congressman John Lewis as “good trouble.” What is not good are the expectations that go with the notions around Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI). DEI represents an incremental step away from Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action involved an effort to guarantee equal opportunity for minorities to compete especially in the world of work. 

After Affirmative Action came an implementation policy centered around quotas that represented a step away from quality measures. DEI expands on the quota notion to the point that expectations on minority inclusion is a reality regardless of talent.

Going away from the notion of equal opportunity and an even playing field created an untenable favoritism. This together with the evolution of the minority-majority reality made the concept unfair.

There are also new developments that affect the Civil Rights agenda that were unexpected at its inception. Many in the majority are acting like minorities and insist on their civil rights.

What at one time was a backlash against the civil rights agenda in things like work and university admissions has now become even more. Many in the majority community are advocating for “White power” as minorities did in their civil rights movements. 

The Civil Rights agenda is at a crossroads and needs a second look. For Latinos, this complex issue is colored by the fact that its immigrants have not looked at this in their own lives.

A Week In Review

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Africa 

South Sudan army threatens to “spare no-one” 

South Sudan Deputy Army Chief General Johnson Oluny told his troops to “spare no-one” including children, the elderly and civilians when they deploy to opposition-held areas in the country. The United Nations released a statement saying it is concerned about calls for violence against citizens. South Sudan is in a civil war, and independent experts have warned that the risk of mass violence against civilians is heightened. 

South Africa struggles with gang violence 

South Africa Police Minister Firoz Cachalia recently admitted that police are not currently equipped to defeat deadly criminal gangs. South Africa has one of the world’s highest homicide rates, and gang violence accounts for many of those murders. Cachalia said gang violence is becoming more complex and requires new strategies beyond traditional policing. 

Asia 

Philippines ferry sinks with 500 passengers 

At least 18 people died when a ferry in the Philippines sank. The ferry was carrying 350 people, and authorities rescued 317 passengers. At least 24 people are still missing. Officials are investigating what caused the sink, but the Philippines has a long history of disaster involving inter-island ferries. 

Japan returns pandas to China 

Japan is set to return twin panda cubs to China as relations between the two countries continue to remain tense. Japan will no longer have pandas for the first time since 1972 when the countries normalized diplomatic ties. China retains ownership of all pandas it loans out to other countries. Both countries have traded hostile actions and rhetoric toward each other in recent weeks. 

Europe 

Spain changes speed limits for popular train 

Officials in Spain are temporarily reducing the speed limit on part of a high-speed train line between Madrid and Barcelona. Authorities recently discovered a fault on the track, shortly after a high-speed collision killed 45 people in southern Spain. The fault in the line does not pose a danger to trains traveling along it, officials said. 

Hamas member arrested in Germany  

Police in Germany have arrested a Lebanese man who is suspected of being a member of Hamas. The man, known as “Mohammad S,” was allegedly planning attacks in Europe and was stopped at Berlin’s Brandenburg Airport. Officials said the suspect helped gather 300 rounds of ammunition and was involved in an alleged plot to attack Jewish and Israeli communities. 

Latin America 

Gunmen kill 11 people in Mexico 

Gunmen opened fire on locals at a soccer field in Guanajuato, Mexico over the weekend, killing at least 11 people. Police are still investigating a motive, and 12 others were injured. The Guanajuato state had the highest number of murders in all of Mexico last year. The area has seen a recent spike in violence from gangs that steal oil and fuel. 

Dozens of political prisoners freed in Venezuela 

A human rights group in Venezuela said at least 80 political prisoners have been released with more likely on the way. Among those who were released include some domestic opposition figures and five Spanish nationals. Venezuela has been accused of using prison to silence critics over the years. 

North America

Former Canadian Olympic snowboarder arrested 

The FBI announced that former Canadian Olympic snowboarder and alleged drug kingpin Ryan Wedding was arrested in Mexico. He is on the FBI’s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list and is accused of running a transnational drug trafficking operation that moved tons of cocaine across several different countries. Wedding is also wanted on murder charges and is set to be extradited to the United States. 

U.S.  leaves World Health Organization (WHO)

The United States is officially out of the World Health Organization, (WHO). U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order signaling to leave the organization a year ago and has criticized it in the past. The WHO said losing the United States was a loss for the country and the world. The United States has historically been one of the biggest donors to the WHO. 

Our Government

White House

President Donald J. Trump signed an Executive Order to cut through bureaucratic red tape and speed up reconstruction in the Pacific Palisades and Eaton Canyon areas one year after devastating wildfires destroyed nearly 40,000 acres of homes and businesses.

Colorado Governor

State of Colorado and United Kingdom Celebrate One Year of Strengthened Trade and Investment Cooperation.  “In Colorado we are proud of our long-standing strong relationship with the United Kingdom. Our partnership is creating lasting economic benefits in Colorado’s key sectors like clean energy, agriculture, and quantum technologies. A big thanks to our partners and friends in the U.K. for supporting investments into Colorado businesses and helping to expand good-paying jobs across our state,” said Governor Polis.

Denver Mayor

Mayor Mike Johnston announced new and ambitious citywide goals for 2026 aimed at addressing Denverites’ top priorities. Building on the successes of last year, Denver aims to further reduce gun-related shootings and homicides, increase housing opportunities, decrease street homelessness, and develop more green infrastructure. The city also intends to expand access to childcare and bolster downtown by filling more office and retail space.  “Our strategies are proven,” said Mayor Mike Johnston.

Broncos advance to the AFC Championship game sans Nix

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The divisional round is wrapped up with two overtime games and one blowout. On Saturday, the (13-6) San Francisco 49ers traveled to Seattle to face the  (15-3) Seahawks. Seattle came out strong in the first quarter scoring 17 points and adding seven more before the half to the 49ers two field goals scored in the second quarter. Seattle added two more touchdowns and a field goal, defeating San Francisco 41-6. 

The L.A. Rams and the Chicago Bears played on Sunday along with the Houston Texans and the New England Patriots. The Rams and Bears were knotted up at 10 apiece at the half and neither team scored in the third but both were able to add touchdowns in the fourth quarter to send the game to overtime. 

Chicago’s quarterback Caleb Williams tossed an ill-advised pass that was picked off putting the game in Matthew Stafford’s hands. L.A. iced the game with a 42-yard field goal that sealed the win, 20-17. 

The Houston Texans were in Foxborough to face the Patriots on a snowy and cold Sunday evening. New England jumped out to a quick lead but Houston responded with a field goal and a touchdown taking a 10-7 lead and this would be their only lead of the game. 

The Patriots scored two more touchdowns before the half taking a 21-10 lead and never really looked back adding another in the fourth for the win, 28-16.

Saturday’s other game took place here in the Mile High City and while Denver fans filled the stadium with orange and blue, there were pockets of blue and red resistance throughout the stands. 

The Buffalo Bills had a bunch of players out with injury but despite that disadvantage, many believed Bills quarterback Josh Allen would be too much for Denver’s defense to handle, and they were almost right. 

Josh Allen was slinging the ball all over the field and running when he had no one open. Unfortunately, Allen faced one of the leagues best defenses, but the Broncos weren’t really keen on getting turnovers in the regular season. But this is the playoffs and Denver’s secondary was a force getting two interceptions and forcing five fumbles with three recoveries, which ended in points for the Broncos just before the half, taking a 20-10 lead at the half. 

Denver Broncos against the Buffalo Bills at Empower Field at Mile High in Denver, Colorado on January 17, 2026. Photo by Gabriel Christus / Denver Broncos

Buffalo hung in there and forced the game into overtime scoring 13 in the fourth. Bo Nix and the Broncos offense took to the field first stalling and having to punt to a red hot Josh Allen. Just as Allen was pushing the Bills closer to midfield he dropped back for a long pass down the center of the field intended for Brandon Cooks, that was contested by Ja’Quan McMillian who went the ground with his hands on the ball stripping it from Cooks hands and being awarded with the interception. 

Bo Nix lead the Broncos down the field after two defensive pass interference calls placed Denver deep in Bills territory on Buffalo’s 5 yard-line for the go-ahead field goal, and win. Denver beat the Bills 33-30 and will advance to the AFC Conference Championship to face the Patriots. 

While everyone was on cloud nine celebrating the Broncos win, Bo Nix was wincing in pain on the sidelines. Despite the pain he was in he, managed to walk out on the field to give an interview while standing on a broken ankle. 

Nix suffered a season ending injury two plays before the end of the game, moving Jarrett Stidham into the driver seat this coming Sunday at home against the Patriots. Coach Payton has assured fans that Stidham is ready for the spotlight. 

Manifest Destiny Turned on Its Head

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David Conde, Senior Consultant for International Programs

Years ago, I traveled to San Antonio to meet with members of the Children’s Television Workshop staff and view a new production directed to the Chicano community. It was designed as a Bilingual Education initiative involving the main characters in the Sesame Street cast.

The viewing and the meeting that followed was a disaster. The production shown to the group featured Big Bird sporting a sombrero, playing a guitar and singing a popular Mexican song.

The room erupted with cries of protest and the use of the strongest expletives our ears could stand. It appears that Big Bird was repeating the stereotype of the fat Mexican under a tree with his sombrero, guitar and a burro nearby.

The stereotype of the lazy Mexican under a tree that played out in many forms in history was considered the ultimate insult for a community that was emerging out of the shadows of a forgotten America victimize by Manifest Destiny, a notion that provided the moral justification for the United States to invade and annex half of Mexico. It took over a century to recover from the shock of conquest and the overlay of one culture over another.

The recovery was made more difficult by the fact that the conquered people continued to live in the same place and largely practice the same cultural traits under a new system that made them a politically alien minority. One constant was that Mexican American families never lost the connection to the land both here and in Mexico.

Learning and internalizing America’s promise was a very hard task that, over time, was successfully achieved. The covenant with the landscape included the acceptance of the notion that immigrants from the East that occupied the land were not invaders, but part of the evolving fabric of the country.

In 1978, I attended a very informative presentation on American demographics that located the Latino population in the nation in a rather interesting pattern. Although the community heavily populated the Southwest, there were little and medium size pockets across the country.

The Latino immigration waves that characterized the second half of the 20th Century and movement of Latino rural workers to the cities helped to convert those pockets to a very large presence with a sophisticated awareness of place across the nation. The numbers, the education, the business acumen and the patriotic commitment among others have converted Latinos into powerful force that can not be denied.

The 21st Century has so far seen a lot of Latin America join the immigration movement to the United States. It is clear that despite the significant effort to close our borders and deport recent arrivals, the foundation for significant changes in our demographics is already in place.

I am sure that when leaders like our 7th President Andrew Jackson espoused the right to expand and take the country all the way to the Pacific, they did not think that the land and its people would one day respond in the way history has dictated. The energy of Manifest Destiny made America a continental power and at the same time, set the stage for a future of possibilities to have their way as well.

A divided America sits on the crossroads of major change. Fear of that change increases our challenges and diminishes our status as world leaders. 

Manifest Destiny was an ideal that impelled the country to do great things and model a successful way of life. That change created another one that we should also accept.

A Week In Review

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Africa 

Bus crash leaves 13 children dead 

At least 13 school students died in South Africa when a minibus they were traveling in collided with a lorry. Two other students are in critical condition. South Africa has a high rate of fatal road collisions. Last year, 11,418 people died in vehicle accidents in South Africa, which is a 6 percent lower rate than in 2024. 

Ghana makes cyber-crime arrest 

Officials in Ghana arrested nine Nigerians who are accused of coordinating cyber-crime activities from makeshift offices. Police recently raided the offices, seizing 62 laptops, 52 cell phones and two pump-action guns. Ghana has recently been cracking down on cyber-criminals and has worked with the United States to arrest high-profile suspects recently. 

Asia 

Factory explosion leaves four dead in China 

A factory in northern China exploded, leaving four people dead and 84 others injured. Videos showed the explosion sending large plumes of smoke into the sky while ceilings and pipes collapsed. China has a history of industrial accidents. Last year, an explosion at a chemical plant left five people dead and 19 others injured. 

Japanese mayor apologizes after making offensive remarks 

Yokohama Mayor Takeharu Yamanaka has apologized after allegedly referring to his staff as “human scum.” He apologized, particularly to the city’s human resource chief, who allegedly complained about Yamanaka. An investigation is being considered under the supervision of the deputy mayor. 

Europe 

High speed train crash leaves dozens dead in Spain 

At least 39 people were killed during a high-speed train crash in Spain. The train derailed and crossed over to the opposite tracks, colliding with another train. Most of the victims were in the front carriages of the second train. Spanish leaders have called for an investigation into the incident. 

Eight skiers killed by avalanches 

Eight people in the Austrian Alps were killed by a series of avalanches while skiing. Poor conditions have caused several deaths in the Alps in places like Switzerland and France. Last week, six skiers in France died after getting caught in avalanches. In Austria, a 58-year-old resident also recently died because of avalanches. 

Latin America 

Venezuela opposition leader looks ahead to the future 

Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado said she will lead the country when the timing is right. In an interview, Machado said she believes she will be elected president of Venezuela at some point. Machado recently gave her Nobel Peace Prize medal to President Donald Trump, saying the gesture was a recognition of his commitment to Venezuela’s freedom. 

Wildfires in Chile 

Officials in Chile have declared a state of catastrophe because of deadly fires in the Ñuble and Biobío regions. At least 50,000 people have been forced to evacuate while another 18 residents have died. Officials expect the death toll to increase. Thanks to the state of catastrophe declaration, Chile’s armed forces can be deployed to help. 

North America 

Four NFL teams advance to AFC/NFC Championship 

Two games are scheduled to play out this coming Sunday, (New England Patriots at Denver Broncos) for the AFC title and the (L.A. Rams at Seattle) for the NFC title. Winner of Championship games will advance to the Super Bowl held February 8.  Denver Broncos will start secondary QB Jarrett Stidham, who replaces QB Bo Nix injured in Buffalo/Denver game on Saturday.

Sports bribery scheme unveiled 

Authorities in the United States have charged 26 people in connection to an alleged scheme designed to enrich sports gamblers. Among those who were allegedly involved in the scheme include 39 players and 17 NCAA men’s basketball teams that are accused of attempting to fix or fixing 29 games. Authorities allege that gamblers placed bets on games where players purposefully underperformed. 

Our Government

White House

Message from President Trump: Melania and I congratulate the Indiana Hoosiers and the Miami Hurricanes on making it to the College Football Playoff National Championship.  God bless the talented players and dedicated coaches, the families who love and support them, and the faithful fans who cheer them on.  May the best team win!

Colorado Governor

Governor Polis and the Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade (OEDIT) named Lauren Grimshaw Sloan as Colorado Film Commissioner.  “Lauren Grimshaw Sloan is a film industry veteran. Her film, television and festival experience and her strong leadership qualities make her the perfect choice for Colorado’s next Film Commissioner. Her unique mix of creative and business know-how will help set Colorado apart as a top location for visual storytelling and creative work. Welcome, Lauren!” said Governor Jared Polis.

Denver Mayor

The Department of Housing Stability (HOST) is now offering a free circulator bus service for persons experiencing homelessness.  The circulator shuttle will link Denver’s 24/7 men’s and women’s shelters at 4330 and 4600 E. 48th Ave. to downtown, where they can access other case management, healthcare, behavioral care and vital services offered by service providers.  Hours of Operation are 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Monday through Friday.

Venezuela’s president Maduro in U.S. custody

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Do not expect an immediate economic recovery, including lower gas prices after the capture of Nicolás Maduro, at least not for the foreseeable future. Anyway, gas prices are already falling. And, we’ll also have to wait on better job numbers, too, at least for a while. 

The recent nighttime assault on key targets in Venezuela by U.S. forces took nearly everyone by surprise. It should not have, but when the country woke up on January 3rd, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro and his wife Cilia Flores were being whisked out of their country to a new home in a Brooklyn federal prison. 

Capturing Maduro is the culmination of months of American military strikes on suspected drug boats off Venezuela’s coast and the placement of a large portion of the U.S. fleet in the same region. It was a military success and trumpeted that way by the President. But it may not translate in the same way politically and economically.

The attack on the presidential palace, said historian David Yee, was long brewing going back to the Hugo Chavez presidency. “That same ruling party continues to run the Venezuelan state,” said the Metropolitan State University Denver history professor. President Trump only changed its leadership.

The attack, said Yee, was “an escalation,” but not a surprise. “The main reason for any confusion is the Trump administration kept both Congress and the public in the dark.”  

The Metropolitan State University Denver Venezuela historian said the only comparison to the cloak of darkness strike and capture of Maduro and his wife is the 1989 assault on Panama in which un-elected Panamanian President Manuel Noriega was captured by U.S. forces and returned to the United States to stand trial. 

‘Operation Resolved’ began and ended in just hours. There were no U.S. military losses. The Department of Defense reported more than 80 Venezuelan and Cuban casualties. The economic and political elements are still to be determined. 

The President told Fox News that the economic payoff will be huge, the reward coming in Venezuelan oil. “We took it from them,” he said to Fox Host Sean Hannity. While he envisions rebuilding the country’s refineries and profiting off the country’s vast untapped crude, an estimated 300 billion barrels, big oil isn’t nearly as optimistic.

Taking the oil refineries may be the easy part, perhaps the only easy part. Getting them up to full capacity after years of disrepair and neglect, say a number of oil executives who met last Friday with Trump, will be a test of time, will and money.

At a White House meeting with the President, one oil executive guessed it would take $100 billion to get Venezuela’s oil industry up to standard and that’s before any significant crude is extracted. But another, Exxon CEO Darren Woods, said Venezuela is “uninvestable,” citing building new refinery infrastructure, legal barriers, and “investment protections.” 

Currently, Chevron is the only big American brand pumping out of Venezuela. Exxon and Conoco Phillips both left in the mid-2000’s when they would not accept new financial terms from then Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez. The companies say Venezuela owes them as much as $20 billion after their departure. 

Despite Trump’s assurances that “You’re going to make a lot of money,” and that “we’re in charge,” companies are still uncertain that Venezuela won’t do again what it’s done in the past. After all, Maduro’s number two, Delcy Rodriguez was allowed to remain in charge of the government. 

Most timetables for having a fully up-and-running Venezuelan oil industry are not of the one or two year variety. Oil industry experts say ten to fifteen years are more realistic. That only inspires questions about any U.S. role. But Trump has already said he’s prepared to “run the country until such a time we do a safe, proper and judicious transition, also adding, “we’re not afraid of boots on the ground,” a reference to a longer term U.S. military presence.   

While Venezuelan crude can make the trip from refinery to Houston or New Orleans refineries in five days, it’s not the kind of product that will necessarily lower gasoline prices Trump is regularly promising. 

Venezuela’s crude, often called ‘extra-heavy’ oil, is thicker, higher in sulfur and carbon content, harder to extract and more expensive to refine. Adding to that conundrum, there is now a worldwide oil glut.

Industry experts wonder if having access to the world’s largest reserves translates into a money making undertaking by big oil. Oil prices now range from $58-$63 per barrel, down from triple digits when supplies are down.

Trump’s orders to stage the military strike on Venezuela, said Professor Yee, “has empowered and emboldened Trump.” In addressing his reason, Trump has referred to the Monroe Doctrine as explanation for the Venezuela attack.

The Monroe Doctrine, named for President James Monroe, dates back to 1823 and was an American foreign policy warning to European powers to stay out of the hemisphere where they might be considering new colonies. 

Trump, he said, now feels “empowered and emboldened” and with encouragement from Secretary of State Marco Rubio, may now target Cuba and Panama. Greenland, Yee said, may also be future targets.

The cost of the step-by-step buildup to the attack has been estimated as high as $150 million. But that may be just a starting point, especially if there is a Venezuelan backlash and a rush to escape. 

Since Maduro has run the country, as much as 25 percent of the population has left the country causing neighboring Columbia to beef up troop presence at its border. “Future events in Venezuela over the next months could greatly impact immigration,” Yee said. 

The closest action that comes to mind is the U.S. invasion of Panama to capture General Manuel Noriega in 1989. One additional point not in the media is the impact this will have on migration. Venezuela was the source of massive migration waves to Colombia, Ecuador, and the United States. The sanctions the U.S. placed on Venezuela was a root cause of Venezuelan immigration in the past several years. Denver has witnessed the arrival of new migrants from Venezuela.

The Broncos will match up against the Buffalo Bills in the Divisional Round

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The Pittsburgh Steelers and the Houston Texans closed up the Wild Card round on Monday night. The Texans put on a show in Pittsburgh defeating Aaron Rodgers and the Steelers 30-6 scoring 23 of their points in the fourth quarter alone. 

The weekend kicked off with the L.A. Rams vs the Carolina Panthers in a close matchup. L.A. jumped out to a 14-0 lead early in the first quarter, but Carolina scored two touchdowns before the half cutting L.A.’s lead to three. L.A. outlasted Carolina beating them 34-31.

The Green Bay Packers were in Chicago to face the Bears on Saturday in a game where Green Bay was favored. The Packers jumped out to a 21-3 lead in by halftime but it was Chicago’s fourth quarter comeback that was the difference. Caleb Williams led Chicago’s 25-point quarter that gave them the 31-27 edge in the end. 

The Buffalo Bills were in Jacksonville to take on the streaking Jags who just left Denver a couple of weeks handing the Broncos their only home loss of the season. The Bills lead 10-3 by the half but Jacksonville kept pace in the second half but in the end it wasn’t enough to hold of Josh Allen and the Bills. Buffalo beat Jacksonville 27-24. 

The San Francisco 49ers were in Philly on Sunday to face the defending champions, the Eagles. The Eagles led 13-10 at half but it was San Francisco’s defense that kept Philly in check only allowing two field goals in the second half. San Francisco beat Philadelphia 23-19. 

Photo courtesy: Empower Field at Mile High Instagram

On Sunday night the Chargers went to Foxborough to face the New England Patriots. The game was a pretty uneventful game until the second quarter where the Patriots scored a field goal and L.A. answered with a field goal of their own. The Patriots entered the half leading the Chargers 6-3. The Chargers would not score again however, the Patriots added 10 more in the second half adding to their lead and the win, 16-3, New England. 

This weekend welcomes the divisional round with the Bills coming to Denver (Saturday, January 17, @ 2:30 p.m.), the 49ers heading to Seattle to face the Seahawks (Saturday, January 17, @ 6 p.m.), the Texans head to Foxborough (Sunday, January 18, @ 1 p.m.) and the Rams head to Chicago to face the Bears (Sunday, January 18, @ 4:30 p.m.).

In other sports the Denver Nuggets have continued to show the league just how deep their bench is by winning games they shouldn’t be winning without MVP Nikola Jokic. Since last Monday the Nuggets went into Philly to beat the 76ers without any of their starters, then they went to Boston to play the hottest team in the NBA and beat them without key players. 

The Nuggets returned home last Friday and lost to the Atlanta Hawks but defeated the Milwaukee Bucks on Sunday night 108-104. 

This week the Nuggets are on the road to face the New Orleans Pelicans and the Dallas Mavericks. 

Despite the Avalanche being on a historic run they have lost three of their last five games including a loss at home on Monday night against the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Avs remain 9-points ahead of the Dallas Stars and nearly 14 points ahead of the first place teams in the Eastern Conference.